Abstract
The scientific literature identifies three types of individuals who perpetrate online grooming: hypersexualized, adaptive and intimate. The present study aims to explore the profile of the potential offender who perpetrates this crime and their different typologies. To this end, a joint sample of 258 grooming cases was compared. On the one hand, 243 are cases of online grooming in the United States. On the other hand, 15 are cases of online grooming in Spain. The results indicate that online grooming is mainly perpetrated by a man between twenty-one and thirty years old, sexually or emotionally motivated. The effect of the prolongation of the time between contact and the sexual proposition in relation to the strategies used by the aggressors reflects the different types of groomers found in this phenomenon: intimate, adaptive and hypersexualized.
References
Bergen, E., Ahto, A., Schulz, A., Imhoff, R., Antfolk, J., Schuhmann, P., Alanko, K., Santtila, P., & Jern, P. (2014). Adult-Adult and Adult-Child/Adolescent Online Sexual Interactions: An Exploratory Self-Report Study on the Role of Situational Factors. The Journal of Sex Research, 52, pp. 1006 – 1016. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2014.914462.
Briggs, P., Simon, W. T., & Simonsen, S. (2011). An exploratory study of Internet-initiated sexual offenses and the chat room sex offender: Has the Internet enabled a new typology of sex offender? Sexual Abuse, 23, pp. 72 – 91. https://doi.org/10.1177/1079063210384275.
Craven, S., Brown, S., & Gilchrist, E. (2006). Sexual grooming of children: Review of literature and theoretical considerations. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 12 (3), pp. 287 – 299. https://doi.org/10.1080/13552600601069414
De Santisteban, P., y Gámez-Gaudix, M. (2017a). Online grooming y explotación sexual de menores a través de internet. Revista de Victimología, 6, pp. 81 – 100. https://doi.org/10.12827/RVJV.6.04
De Santisteban, P., y Gámez-Guadix, M. (2017b). Prevalence and risk factors among minors for online sexual solicitations and interactions with adults. Journal of Sex Research, pp. 1 – 12. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2017.1386763
Gámez-Guadix, M., De Santisteban, P., y Alcázar, M. Á. (2017). The construction and psychometric properties of the questionnaire for online sexual solicitation and interaction of minors with adults. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 6, pp. 81 – 100. https://doi.org/10.1177/1079063217724766.
Kloess, J. A., Seymour-Smith, S., Hamilton-Giachritsis, C. E., Long, M. L., Shipley, D., & Beech, A. R. (2017). A qualitative analysis of offenders' modus operandi in sexually exploitative interactions with children online. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment. https://doi.org/10.1177/1079063215612442
Maldonado Guzmán, D. J. (2019). El mal denominado delito de grooming online como forma de violencia sexual contra menores. Problemas jurídicos y aspectos criminológicos. Revista Electrónica de Estudios Penales y de la Seguridad, 5, pp. 1 – 18.
Montiel Juan, I., Carbonell-Vayá, E., y Salom García, M. (2014). Victimización infantil sexual online: online grooming, ciberabuso y ciberacoso sexual. En Lameiras Fernández, M. y Orts Berenguer, E. Delitos sexuales contra menores abordaje psicológico, jurídico y policial (pp. 203 – 224). Valencia, España: Tirant lo Blanch.
O´Connell, R. (2003). A typology of cyber sexploitation and online grooming practices. Preston, England: University of Central Lancashire.
Seto, M. C., Wood, J. M., Babchishin, K. M., & Flynn, S. (2012). Online solicitation offenders are different from child pornography offenders and lower risk contact sexual offenders. Law and Human Behavior, 36(04), pp. 320 – 330. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0093925.
Tener, D., Wolak, J., & Finkelhor, D. (2015). A typology of offenders who use online communications to commit sex crimes against minors. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment y Trauma, 24, pp. 319 – 339. https://doi.org/10.1080/10926771.2015.1009602.
Viader Castro, C. (12 de mayo de 2020). La delincuencia que no descansa en el coronavirus: child grooming y pornografía infantil [Mensaje en un blog]. Recuperado de http://www.derechopractico.es/la-delincuencia-que-no-descansa-en-el-coronavirus-child-grooming-y-pornografia-infantil/
Villacampa Estiarte, C. (2014). Propuesta sexual telemática a menores u online child grooming: configuración presente del delito y perspectivas de modificación. Estudios penales y criminológicos, 34, pp. 639 – 712.
Villacampa Estiarte, C., y Gómez Adillón, M. J. (2016). Nuevas tecnologías y victimización sexual de menores por online grooming. Revista electrónica de ciencia penal y criminología, 18(2). 1-27.
Webster, S., Davidson, J., Bifulco, A., Gottschalk, P., Caretti, V., Pham, T., Grove-Hills, J., Turley, C., Tompkins, C., Ciulla, S. Milazzo, V., Schimmenti, A., & Craparo, G. (2012). Final report. European Online Grooming Project. London: European Comission Safer Internet Plus Programme.
Young, K. (2005). Profiling online sex offenders, cyber-predators and pedophiles. Journal of Behavioral Profiling, 5(01), pp. 1 – 18
Authors who publish in this journal agree to the following terms:
1.- If a work is accepted for publication, the authors acknowledge the transfer of printing and reproduction rights in any form and medium to Behavior & Law Journal.
2.- Furthermore, it is understood that the opinions expressed in the articles are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not compromise the opinion and scientific policy of the journal.
3.- Likewise, the activities described in the published works must be in accordance with generally accepted ethical criteria, regarding both work with humans and animal experimentation, as well as professional deontology. It is the responsibility of the authors to provide interested readers with copies of raw data, procedural manuals, scores, and, in general, relevant experimental material.
4.- The article will be distributed under a “Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International” (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) license. You can consult the summary and the legal text of the license here. The indication of the usage and distribution license, CC BY-NC-ND 4.0, must be expressly stated in this manner when necessary.
